Thursday 13 November 2014

Master of the trade- Oliver Jeffers

I decided to write about Oliver Jeffers as my master of the trade because I know a lot of information about him already and he is very successful in his career. Here is the powerpoint presentation that I created.








   I was chosen by my group for the best presentation because it was concise, had a beginning middle and end, and flowed well. I feel as though if I was to choose a presentation that I liked most it would be May's because she talked about the artist that she thinks is a master of their trade and she also gave some  historical background to the techniques that that artist uses. I feel although this gave a really good historical background to the artists inspirations and techniques. It also had really nice images that that artist had created on it.

Wednesday 15 October 2014

Branding and Conceptual branding

Branding is an idea that you create a known identity for yourself or your company. Your brand can be characterised in many ways for example if your brand has an iconic logo or a certain look or feel about it. Branding usually develops expectations of the brand as it becomes known for certain things. An example of this would be say your brand is known for using warm colours throughout all of its products then the consumer will grow to expect these colours throughout all products in the future. Branding is mainly done to sell more products to the consumer as the company and its products will be more attractive if they have a well rounded brand. 

A great example of a company that does branding well is Benefit Cosmetics. Their target audience is young women that want to spend a bit of money on beauty products. When the company began its ethos was 'Who says make-up has to be serious to be good?' and they have definitely stuck with their non-serious concept throughout their brand.  the packaging is a huge part of their branding strategy as they all follow the same cute, quirky retro style. their products are so uniquely packaged to any other makeup company that it makes the consumer want to buy their products over a other less visually pleasing brand. They also give their products fun names such as 'stay don't stray' and 'Oh la lift' this adds a more exiting aspect to the products making their consumers exited about their products. I suppose their brand is aiming to re create the feeling of excitement that a child might feel in a toy shop as everything is bright and visually pleasing. 
It is highly visible when looking through their ranges that their branding is consistent throughout the whole of the company. 








As Social media has grown so much in recent years that is the companies main focus for branding they use platforms such as instagram, facebook and youtube to promote their products and extend their brand. 

"The growth of social media is doing amazing things to help us spread and receive the news faster. But our fundamental belief in business still hasn't changed. Our ultimate goal is to make our customers happy and that's it. Benefit's success began with word of mouth. Now the word of mouth just spreads faster and without borders. We have an amazing digital marketing team helping us but nevertheless, nothing can replace engaging our customers in person. Our brand has to be consistent in the digital world and real world."- Jane and Jean Ford, Benefit Cosmetics founders. [1]

They have no in-consistencies anywhere within the company from the social media promotions to the stands in department stores. Branding makes the consumer more comfortable with a company or product as all of their products have a familiar friendly feel. It could be said that the branding has built this company from the ground up, good branding can make any company succeed. Without branding then your company doesn't really have an image or 'face'





[1] From Social to Mockumentary: The Marketing Journey of Benefit Cosmetics,
 http://www.clickz.com/clickz/column/2282245/from-social-to-mockumentary-the-marketing-journey-of-benefit-cosmetics, accessed 14/10/14

Thursday 9 October 2014

Target Audience

Knowing your target audience one of the most important parts of being an illustrator because if you get that wrong then you wont be aiming your work at the right people and no one will want to buy it. I did some research into the Target market of the Halloween party that my class is planning. Hers is some information that i have collected

  • The target market of this party is university students that attend CCAD.  
  • Students spend on average £9.30 a week on alcohol [1]
  • Students study an art subject. 
  • Not many students live near campus.
These things all have to be taken into consideration when planning the party to make sure it is successful. For example, because not many students live near campus it has to be at a venue that everyone will recognise and because all of the attendants will be university students living off student loans, the drinks prices will have to be kept low. 

After thinking about the parties target audience i decided to think about my own target audience as an aspiring illustrator. These are the things that i took into consideration:

  • the age group that my style suits 
  • the gender
  • how much money they might have to spend 
  • geographic location 
After thinking about all of these  things I decided that my work would suit a younger female audience but would also have to appeal to the young persons parents because often a younger person does not have a disposable income. I feel as though my illustrative style would be more likely to appeal to a female audience because of the feminine colours that i often use. I don't think that the geographic location is too important to my target audience as my style is diverse and could fit in with all different cultures from around the world. 









[1] Nat west student servey, http://personal.natwest.com/personal/current-accounts/compare-current-accounts/student-account/student-living-index.html (accessed: 06/10/2014)

Wednesday 8 October 2014

Halloween Party update

This week the party planning preparations have progressed massively as a lot of things have been sorted out and put into motion.

  • The posters have been designed and printed.
  • Tickets have been designed and are ready to be printed for next week when we start selling them. 
  • A rota has been made for ticket sales so everyone knows what days they will be selling tickets on.
  • A table has been confirmed for us to sit at in reception to sell the tickets
  • Skyy have confirmed that we can partner with them and do a deal on tickets.  
  • The venue manager has confirmed information about the venue, bar and bar staff. 
So far the party planning is looking pretty good and at the moment it seems like we will be able to host a great halloween party and have everything done in good time for everything to run smoothly. There are still a few things that need to be sorted for example music and decorations but they are in the process of planning. These two aspects are not things that needed to be planned as urgently as the others because these things happen on the night of the event not before.

Defining markets and understanding consumers


  • A Consumer is a specific group of people that buy a product. To know your consumer there are a lot of different things that have to be thought about. Consumers are constantly changing and evolving with the times as trends, environment and their age changes. There are a few exceptions to this though for example if you illustrate for children's books then your consumer age never really changes. Many things can be done to help you understand the consumer more, for example you could interact with your consumer through the use of social media platforms such as blogs, facebook pages, youtube, instagram and other similar platforms. Another way of collecting your consumers opinions and feedback is through surveys, this is a good way of contacting a lot of people and getting a fast response in a small amount of time.  

'Once the consumer journey is defined, the channel strategy is aligned to each phase of the targeted response path including: payed media, owned media, (properties owned by a brand [e.g. website, facebook page, videos and physical events]), and earned media (volume and sentiment of social media discussions). The owned and earned media channels are mission-critical for non profits as they provide a lower cost option to reach consumers and have them interact with the cause.' [1]


  • There are 3 main points that you need to think about and know the answers to in order to understand your consumer. they are: 
  1. Who? Who will be buying your products for example, if you create childrens books then your target audience is children but your consumer will be the parents as they are the ones to buy the books. So your product has to appeal to the parents as much as the child. 
  2. Why? Why will your consumer be buying your product, for decoration? education? as a gift? This is important to think about because you can taylor the aesthetic and pricing to the purpose of the product
  3. When? When will the consumer be buying the product, what will be the peak times that your product will sell, Holidays? birthdays? You need to know this information to know when to bring out new products. 
  • As well as these points there are other things to consider for example how do you want your image to come across?, how should you approach your consumer?, is your market captured or not?.
  • You have to sell yourself as well as your product because the consumer will feel as if they are buying into a more personal experience with the company. Its all about giving your consumers a good experience when buying from you.  


  • A market is where your products fit in within the industry, this is defined by your consumer. Within the market you always have to consider the future of it as your consumer may change throughout the years. Your market is defined by the consumer feedback, if you go onto the market without knowing your consumer then you wont really be aiming your work at anyone in particular causing your product to not sell.  After getting to know your consumer you will know how to define your market to suit them. 



I decided to do some primary research into a company and their consumer and how they go about targeting their consumer. I decided to look into Coca Cola as they are one of the most widely known brands throughout the world. 
  • I found straight away that they have a Customer care survey to connect with the consumer and get feedback on their product.
  • Their website has a community section allowing consumers to feel as though they are part of a larger community, as if the product is connecting them to people all around the world that share a liking for the same product.  
  • Coka cola target a captured market by getting involved with events such as the Olympic games.
  • They build relationships with consumers by executing well thought out marketing campaigns, promotions and merchandising.[2]  
  • For the last 2 summers in the UK Coca cola have had a huge marketing campaign called 'share a coke' where the companies logo has been replaced with popular names. The company knew that this would result in more sales because they know their consumer well. 
About the 'Share a Coke' campaign- 'The company said there have been more than 125,000 posts about the campaign across all channels from June 2 through July 14 and said 96% of consumer sentiment toward the campaign is either positive or neutral.' [3]
     












[1] Marketing for goods, Markets for Good Selected Readings: Making Sense of Data and Information in the social sector, Published january 2014. 
[2] http://www.coca-colahellenic.com/aboutus/customers, marketing and merchandising  (accessed 08/10/14) 
[3] Tadena.N, The wall street journal online, Coke’s Personalized Marketing Campaign Gains Online Buzz (accessed  08/10/14)

Monday 29 September 2014

Level 5 Professional studies introduction

Within professional studies this year we will be learning about and expanding our knowledge of the illustration industry and where we fit into this fast paced industry. We will learn more about things such as networking, markets, working with clients and other similar topics.

The main aim of this module is to help us know the industry inside out so that we are prepared for the real working world when we leave university. We will research all areas of the industry then choose an area that we would like to focus on in more detail and in the end produce academic evidence of our findings. This module should help us realise where we fit into the industry and be able to correctly identify our target market.

I enjoyed professional studies last year and look forward to taking my studies in this subject further in level 5.

Level 5: Halloween Party (side project)

As part of professional studies we have been asked to arrange a Halloween party for the university students that will also double as a fund raiser for the illustration and graphics courses. The skills needed to do something such as plan an event like this will be very helpful for us in the future as the transferable skills we will gain from it will help us learn things such as marketing, self promotion, managing budgets and workloads and working as a team. It will also help us have a better understanding of how to plan events such as gallery openings, exhibitions and other similar events.

As we had just started to plan the event we had to take a number of things into consideration for example: how much budget we will have, finding a venue, ticket prices ect. to make the event planning run more smoothly and to make sure none of these details were forgotten as a class we decided to assign people small tasks for them to do o the workload was evenly distributed. we decided that we needed people to 
  • Make tickets and posters
  • Source venue and beverages 
  • Source bands and music
  • Set up a Facebook page and do marketing
  • Ticket selling 
  • Room Decorating 
  • Co-ordinator 
We had some things that had to be thought about straight away to get the planning process moving along such as... 

Budget planning

Budget planning is very important to us in this case as we are aiming to plan this event with as little funds as possible to optimise the money that will be raised. I think as this is an art university and we have access to art materials for the posters and tickets and we know people that will be willing to play live music for free, we will be able to achieve this goal and plan a great party with a small budget. 

Choosing a venue  

We had to decided this before anything else could be arranged as it is the main priority for planning any event. We were given 2 options for the party venue, option one was the Art Cafe (the college canteen) and option two was the old theatre in Hartlepool.  We were quoted prices for both venues and unfortunately option two was completely out of budget so this had to be ruled out. Option 2 would have made a better venue but we can raise more money and spend more on decorations ect with the art cafe as the venue.

Assigning jobs

As there is two classes coming together to make this event a success we had to assign jobs straight away so it didn't get confusing as to who was doing what. By doing this it minimises the chance of things going wrong or things been forgotten as people only have one or two tasks to complete each. 


Hopefully with everything we have done so far the party should get planned in time and the event will run smoothly without any hitches. I will do a few updated blog posts as the events planning goes into full swing. 







Thursday 17 April 2014

Questionnaire response from Quatro Publishing Group UK

Quatro Publishing group were also very kind and answered the questions that i asked. They had different views to Candlewick press on the topic of trends. It was great to see companies with opposing views so i could compare them within my report.  

1.       Do Illustrations in children's books respond to changing trends in colours and styles?

Not really. I would say the illustration styles we choose for our books are quite traditional, and timeless as we hope the books will sell for many years to come, and not become old fashioned looking.

2.       If so how long does it take for the changes in trend to influence illustration?

3.       Do trends influence your choice of illustrator?

We have series styles to follow. The choice of illustrator is made on what would best suit the project.

4.       Are Illustrators given remits that reflect current trends?
No

Kind regards
Laura

Questionnaire response from candlewick press

Jessica from Candlewick press answered the questions in my Questionnaire and she was beyond helpful she gave me a lot of information and starting points for more research. I am so grateful for her help, she made my report a lot easier. Here are her answers to my questions: 

Hi Melissa, 

I'm Jessica, the Art Coordination Associate at Candlewick Press. I'm responsible for scouting new illustration talent, maintaining a database of artists who might be right for illustration work on Candlewick projects, and matching illustrators with manuscripts (among other things!). I'd be happy to help you with your project. 

Do Illustrations in children's books respond to changing trends in colours and styles?
Yes, I think they certainly do. I think, in general, palettes are becoming brighter and more saturated, and with more white space integrated into the illustration. There is also a kind of counter-movement to this with muted colors that are very fresh and contemporary but done in a sort of retro style.  
     And there are certainly trends in styles too. Of course, digital coloring/drawing (i.e. in Photoshop) is a huge difference between contemporary illustration and that of 10–15ish years ago. I am personally not a big fan of the flat, digitally colored look, so I'm glad to see a swing back towards more textured illustrations now—both with traditional mediums like watercolor and acrylic, and digital art that looks more like traditional media. I think a lot of illustration artists are combining traditional and digital media too—creating physical paintings/drawings and scanning them to either tweak the work or digitally color the sketches. A few of my favorite artists also work in digital collage, where they paint lots of patterns and then scan them into their computer, creating collages without physically cutting and pasting anything. 
    When I think of art from 20ish years ago, I think mainly of a warm, slightly murky palette that's somewhere in between bright and muted, and realistic paintings. Now, I think illustrations are becoming much looser, less realistic, and incorporating more mediums into each illustration (so not just 100% watercolor or 100% acrylic, etc.). Though of course there are certainly a huge amount of exceptions here. 
    Looking at the Caldecott winners and Honorees (and, in the UK, the Kate Greenaway winners) over the years is a great way to see the trends, I think. For example: 
  • 1993 winner – traditional watercolor; palette is definitely a bit murky; and characters are pretty realistic 
  • 1994 winner – traditional watercolor; highly realistic style. (Note palette quite bright here—many, many exceptions to the generalizations!) 
  • 2013 winner – mix of traditional and digital media; style is graphic, subtle, simplistic; palette is muted but still rather saturated with all the deep black—this is the kind of retro-muted style I was mentioning.
  • 2014 winner – kind of harkens back to the older picture book look, but note that the human characters are much less detailed (especially their faces), and there is a lot more variation in the typography and page layout than in 1994's Grandfather's Journey; this is, I think, a very successful modern take on the old picture book style. 

If so how long does it take for the changes in trend to influence illustration?
This varies of course but I think not very long. There are thousands of new picture books published every year, and illustrators and publishers are always looking for styles that look different and will thus stand apart from the rest. I think because of this crowded marketplace, the boundaries are always being pushed to keep illustrations looking fresh and unique. 

Do trends influence your choice of illustrator?
Yes, we will certainly discuss what style of illustration will best complement a text. For example, if a text is very contemporary, we will often look for a similarly contemporary-looking artist, which of course changes according to present trends. We also sometimes pare more traditional texts with contemporary illustrations as a strategic way to set the book apart in its corner of the marketplace, or to highlight its contemporary attributes (i.e. a modern retelling of a classic fairytale). 

Are Illustrators given remits that reflect current trends?
I'm not quite sure what you mean by this question! Happy to answer if you want to clarify what you mean by "remit" for me. Maybe this is a US/UK usage thing :-) 
     If you mean something like art direction(??) then yes and no—yes in the sense that art directors and designers will always gently push illustrators to give their best work and to evolve their style slightly with every new book. But no in the sense of pushing an artist to do something that isn't true to his/her personal artistic style… or at least a good art director wouldn't do that, though I'm sure it happens sometimes! 



Wednesday 16 April 2014

Copyright

The dictionary definition of Copyright is: the exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material.[1]
In basic terms If you have created something then you legally own it and no one else can claim that it is thier's. You are also protected if anyone claims that they created something that you did. The only thing with copyright is that there is a lot of loop holes and flaws within it. For instence you cannot copyright protect an idea as an idea is not a physical thing. If you action the idea and create what you were thinking of then that can be copyrighted and protected. Almost anything that has been created can be copyrighted for example a drawing, poem, photograph. The use of the internet has made it more important to copyright your work now because someone could see a piece of your work online and decide to take the image of your work and claim it as thier own. If you have copyrighted it then you own all of the rights to that work.


 There is a few things you can do to protect yourself with copyright for example you could use the copyright symbol with your name next to it on the bottom of your work. You could also post yourself a physical copy of your work within a sealed stamped envelope as this will pass through the mail system and have official date stamps, Although this is not the best way to copyright it still provides a bit of evidence if anything gets took to court. The best way to copyright a piece of work is probably to talk to a copyright lawyer that can help you to choose the best option on how to copyright your work. 
Copyright also does run out after a certain amount of years so its good to renew it after 50 plus years. 








[1] Oxford Dictionary Definition, http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/copyright (accessed 16/04/2014)

Saturday 22 February 2014

Whats happening now

There is always lots of different things going on that you can go and see. As in any creative industry it is good to keep up to date with whats going on in the world of design. This involves going to different  exhibitions and events to see what is current and what is working within the industry.


Here are a few events and links to web pages that i have found that are happening around England in the coming months:


Richard Hamilton was a pioneer of the pop art genre and one of the most influential artists of the last century. His work is being showcased at the Tate Modern from Thursday 13th February until Monday 26th may http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/exhibition/richard-hamilton


Dick Bruna is most well known for creating the much loved children's book character Miffy. as it is coming up to his 60th anniversary since the first publication of 'The apple' the Foyles book shop is hosting an exhibition showing Dick Bruna's work on tuesday 6th August 2013  http://www.foyles.co.uk/Dick-Bruna-Exhibition


Here are a few examples of galleries that are really well known especially for exhibiting illustrations

Illustrative festival Berlin

This festival is a bi annual festival celebrating and showing art and illustration from all around the world.  This festival is not set in stone to be held at a specific time of the year and some years it is not ran at all so with things like this you have to keep up to date with what is going on and where you can exhibit your work. Festivals are great for showing your work to lost of people in a small amount of time. This festival is also particularly good for young illustrators as every year they have a young illustrators award.
Find their website here




House of Illustration

This company is great for illustrators in particular as they curate touring exhibitions, run international competitions and put on events with some of the worlds leading illustrators. They are also working towards opening up their own public gallery and education space especially for illustration. 
Find their website here



The illustration cupboard 

This is a great place for illustrators to showcase their work as this gallery is well known throughout the illustration industry. The illustration cupboard is a central London gallery that shows some of the best contemporary illustrations from around the world. This gallery is mainly focussed on children's books.
Find their website Here





keeping up with trends

Keeping track of trends is probably one of the most important parts of working in the creative industry as it keeps you ahead of the game and enables you to create and sell what people will like. It could also really help with getting inspired. it sounds strange that creative styles that are used change with the current trends but they really do so its a really important thing to consider.

There are many different ways of keeping up with current trends. Things such as:

  • Buying the latest magazines.
  • following companies on social media sites such as twitter, Instagram, youtube and Facebook.
  • Looking at the trending topics on social media sites.
  • Going to events such as art exhibitions, design shows, art conventions, fashion shows ect.
  • going to big shops and looking at the displays.
  • taking notice of changing trends within your local high street.
  • taking notice of what shops are selling. 
Even just looking at the world around you and taking notice of what is going on can help with keeping up with trends. It is a really easy thing to do. Knowing what is going on keeps you one step ahead in the design world as the way that trends develop and evolve is with slow but sure nudges and changes. so if you think about what is in now and adapt it a bit it can help to predict what will be in within the next few months. 


Trend forecasting is another great way to check and be sure on whats on trend as they are the people that set and notice the trends that are in. There is trend forecasting for all different things, almost everything you could imagine, for example things such as fashion, colour, interior design ect. All of these companies have websites that are very clear on showing whats in and how the latest trends are developing here are a few of the companies and their websites that are really good for this:



Lots of different things effect how trends are influenced and change and all areas of design complement each other for example whats on trend in terms of interior design or colour will reference whats on trend in fashion or illustration. For example i looked on Trendstop and i noticed that in the trend briefings for spring/summer 2015 Pantone's colour of the year (Radiant Orchid) was referenced a lot. Here are some images to back up my findings. 



In this Trend briefing mood board for Spring/Summer 2015, the hat to the left and the petal jumper in the centre use pantone's colour of the year. 

Tuesday 18 February 2014

Exhibitions

Galleries are a prefect platform for self promotion and selling your work. They are also great to see what people seem to like most about your work, this in return will help you to develop and refine creatively.

There is different types of exhibitions to suit everyone's target audience and style. To hold an exhibition or have your work on display it should be well thought through and considered before going ahead and showcasing your work. There are a few things in particular that should be considered:

  • Your target audience, are you showing your work in the correct setting where your target audience will see it?
  • Layout, will how you've displayed your work be visually pleasing and intrigue viewers
  • Price, if you are selling your work think about and consider who will be wanting to buy it e.g business men  and women or young students. Does your price fit with the target audience.
  • does your work represent your target audience well.  

Here are a few examples of exhibitions that i really like and think work well. I decided to focus on looking at the layouts and overall look rather than the art itself.

William J. O'Brien, 'The Lovers', Installation view, Almine Rech Gallery, Paris. © William J. O'Brien. Photo 

I really like the installation above because i think the bright patterns stand out really well against the white walls. I think it brings out the paintings in a really nice way. I also like how they are placed a bit mis mashed it is a nice change to the average perfectly placed gallery picture. This kind of exhibition would be good for all types of different people as it looks fun but at the same time professional.



Chicken Leg Window on the Moran Street Installation
I really love how the artwork above is displayed it is so unique and the colours work so well together. I really love the fact that the artist has utilised an old house to show art work in a creative way. This approach wouldn't really work for commercial sale unless it was done on the side of a building to promote people to come to an exhibition you might be holding. 



  I love the simplicity of the way the space within the above exhibition has been used. the layout and frames compliment the work beautifully and the monochrome colour scheme works perfectly within the art work. I think the natural wood frames bring the whole thing together. this exhibition would work well within a small gallery with a target audience of the every day person or art student i would say. I think the setting doesn't look high end enough to be targeted at more wealthy people. 

After looking at a few different exhibitions that i like i have discovered that i like exhibitions that have a bit more of a unique quirky look to them. I prefer a more junk shop look to a clean sterile looking gallery with everything placed perfectly in the centre of a wall. 

creative CV

A creative CV is different to a usual CV that you might use to get a job. it is quite similar in the fact that it documents previous things that you have done, but instead of documenting previous jobs it documents previous companies/ artists that you have worked for. It can also look more visually attractive than a normal CV as it is acceptable to personalise it with some of your creative work. The layout can also be different and un formatted compared to a traditional Cv

As i will need to create my own creative cv in the future, i have done some research into some creative cv's that i like and why i like them. I have also included a few bad creative cv's and my opinion on why i think they're bad.


The image above is a creative CV that i really like. I love how simplistic and neat it looks but at the same time it looks interesting. I really like how the artist has shown their different skills and the level of them in a pie chart format i think thats really clever. Another little detail that i think works really well is how the artist has shown the different locations that they have worked by using the little pin point logo from google maps. I also think that the timeline at the bottom is a really strong feature within this CV




I love the layout of the CV above everything is laid out and designed really nicely it all works really well together. I also like the simple monochrome colour scheme It fits in really well with the style and design of the drawings and fonts that are used within the CV.





The creative CV above is very different to the two previous ones but i love it so much. I think it is such a unique way of showing your design skills and delivering a business card in a chocolate bar format.I haven't seen anything like this before and it would definitely leave a lasting impression on any potential employer.




I don't like the CV above i think the layout is really poor and it looks hard to read with the angles of the text. I think if i received this CV i wouldn't want to read it it looks too complicates and it would take too much effort. 


plagiarism and copyright

Plagiarism is when a piece of work or an idea is stolen or re used and passed off as someone else's. Plagiarism is a huge thing in the creative world and there are are hundreds of cases going on every day to fight for the rights to the work. Plagiarism is also a pretty vague concept, as an idea cant be copyrighted because lots of people can think of the same idea it just takes one person to go out and actually create the idea. If you thought of the idea but didn't create it then thats your fault not the person that did create it. You can write down an idea and post it to yourself it then gives you the copyright to the idea as the idea is in a sealed dated envelope and that is proof of the time that you had the idea. 

To be honest the whole area of this topic is quite grey and it has became a very complex thing to understand as there are many different loop holes and ways to get around plagiarism. A lot of the most famous art such as 'the Mona Lisa' and 'the girl with the pearl earring' has been copied and plagiarised time and time again. Here is an example of plagiarism on 'the girl with the pearl earring.'



Plagiarised the girl with the pearl earring 



One loop hole that people try to use all of the time is they say their work was simply inspired by the original piece, this would be classed as something else called a homage. A homage is basically when a piece has been re created but in a different way (it is usually obvious) sort of like a tribute to the original. The example below is a homage to 'the girl with the pearl earring' its made from balloons



Homage: the girl with the pearl earring 
  



Another way that people try to get around it is to claim that the work is a spoof but a spoof is something different yet again a spoof is where something is re created or imitated in a comical/humorous way. below is an example of  a spoof. I decided to use the same piece for all three as i think shows how different the three things are. 


Spoof: the girl with the pearl earring